{"id":641,"date":"2022-10-08T13:03:32","date_gmt":"2022-10-08T05:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/?p=641"},"modified":"2024-07-08T12:50:13","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T04:50:13","slug":"linux-cat-etc-passwd-%e8%af%b4%e6%98%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/index.php\/2022\/10\/08\/linux-cat-etc-passwd-%e8%af%b4%e6%98%8e\/","title":{"rendered":"linux cat \/etc\/passwd \u8bf4\u660e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u901a\u5e38\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apasswd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b(\u90e8\u5206\u6458\u5f55)\uff1a<br \/>\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash<br \/>\nbin:x:1:1:bin:\/bin:\/sbin\/nologin<br \/>\ndaemon:x:2:2:daemon:\/sbin:\/sbin\/nologin<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230;<br \/>\ndesktop:x:80:80:desktop:\/var\/lib\/menu\/kde:\/sbin\/nologin<br \/>\nmengqc:x:500:500:mengqc:\/home\/mengqc:\/bin\/bash<br \/>\n\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7528\u201c\uff1a\u201d\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br \/>\n\u6ce8\u518c\u540d\uff1a\u53e3\u4ee4\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\uff1a\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u7a0b\u5e8f<br \/>\n(1)\u6ce8\u518c\u540d(login_name)\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6ce8\u518c\u540d\u662f\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u57288\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26(\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u6570\u5b57)\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5185\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5b57\u6bcd\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u662f\u654f\u611f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0eMSDOS\/Windows\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(2)\u53e3\u4ee4(passwd)\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u53e3\u4ee4\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237root\u6216\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4passwd\u6765\u66f4\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\u4f7f\u7528passwd\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u66f4\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002<br \/>\n\u73b0\u5728\u7684Unix\/Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e3\u4ee4\u4e0d\u518d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u201cx\u201d\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u5c06\/etc \/shadow\u4f5c\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5305\u62ec\u4e2a\u4eba\u53e3\u4ee4\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5f53\u7136shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u624d\u6709\u6743\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<br \/>\n\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679cpasswd\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u201c*\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8d26\u53f7\u88ab\u67e5\u5c01\u4e86\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6301\u6709\u8be5\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(3)\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7(UID)\uff1aUID\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u62a4\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 UID\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce8\u518c\u540d\u548cUID\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4UID\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\u6ce8\u518c\u540d\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6ce8\u518c\u540d\u3001\u4f46UID\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u6ce8\u518c\u540d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(4)\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7(GID)\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5185\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ec4\u540d\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u76f8\u533a\u5206\u3002\u50cfUID\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u4e5f\u5b58\u653e\u5728passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684Unix\/Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5728 passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(5)\u7528\u6237\u540d(user_name)\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5173\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u6237\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5730\u5740\u3001\u8054\u7cfb\u7535\u8bdd\u7b49\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cmail\u548cfinger\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(6)\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55(home_directory)\uff1a\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684Shell\u5c06\u628a\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5728Unix\/Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237root\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\/root\uff1b\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u4e2a\u4eba\u7528\u6237\u5728\/home\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5747\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684<br \/>\n\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(7)\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u7a0b\u5e8f(Shell)\uff1aShell\u662f\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aShell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5168\u8def\u5f84\u540d\uff0c<br \/>\n\u5982\/bin\/bash\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539passwd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cLinux\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/passwd<br \/>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<br \/>\nname:password:uid:gid:comment:home:shell<\/p>\n<p>Name\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540d<br \/>\nPassword\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u57df\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002<br \/>\nUid\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684 UID\u3002\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u540d\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u7528\u6237\u3002<br \/>\ngid\uff1aGID\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u5bf9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u8d4b\u4e88\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>comment\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<br \/>\nhome\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<br \/>\nshell\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/passwd\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>root:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:\/bin:\/sbin\/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:\/sbin:\/sbin\/nologin<br \/>\n&#8230;&#8230; desktop:x:80:80:desktop:\/var\/lib\/menu\/kde:\/sbin\/nologin<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/zvv.me\/usr\/uploads\/2011\/08\/604066714.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/332b4-c0891c7809fbb1f99c0fe90ae85afcf9.png\" alt=\"20100909_b7084521d9d9e87efac095st83e4nqED.JPG\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u901a\u5e38\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\/etc&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=641"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1204,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/641\/revisions\/1204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nonot.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}